Allama al-Majlisi Revived My People - Part 2: Earliest Sources of Dua al-Tawassul

 


Allama al-Majlisi Revived My People - Part 2: Earliest Sources of Dua al-Tawassul


Introduction: 


The author criticizing Dua al-Tawassul bases his objections with regards to the dua’s & content. Content-wise, I will analyze it and inshallah show it is clearly corroborated in the earliest sources but in another post. 


Origin-wise, the author claims the first time Dua al-Tawassul in particular appeared was in the era of Allama Majlisi (d. 1110 AH). In doing so, he attempts to infer that Allama Majlisi obtained the hadith from an obsecure source whose name he probably wasn’t aware of (as he states in footnote #2). And in his conclusion, even highlights how “some” view it as fabricated. 


This is a subtle attack on Allama Majlisi’s credentials and character, as Allama Majlisi says he found the dua in “reliable books”. But the author suggests Allama Majlisi wasn’t even aware of the source he obtained the dua from. 


Suggesting that Allama Majlisi either does not have the credentials to distinguish between obscure and reliable books, or he fabricated the dua. 


The author further, goes on to claim that earlier books regarding supplication, like that of al-Kaf’ami (d. 905 AH) and Ibn Tawus (d. 664 AH) did not include it. 


As we will discover in this post, this is categorically false. As the dua in its entirety can be found in their books, as I will show in this post inshallah.


In addition to the lack of corroboration for the content of the supplication in reliable sources, when we look at the sources of this text we will find that the first time it appeared is with ʿAllāmah Muḥammad Bāqir al-Majlisī (d. 1110 AH / 1699 CE) prior to him nobody has mentioned this text before.


None of the later scholars known for their books regarding supplication mentioned it, such as al-Kafʿamī (d. 905 AH), Ibn Fahd al-Ḥillī (d. 841 AH), Ibn Ṭāwūs (d. 664 AH). Let alone the classical scholars such as Shaykh al-Ṭūsī (d. 460 AH) [1] or those before him.”


  • Ibn Tawus (d. 664 AH / 1266 CE) 


As part of a longer dua, the exact Dua al-Tawassul can be found with slight variants from Majlisi’s text in Ibn Tawus’s book Muhaj al-Da’wat, page 425 (1):


اَلصَّلاةُ وَالسَّلامُ عَلَيْكَ يا أَبَا الْقاسِمِ يا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، يا إِمامَ الرَّحْمَةِ ، يا شَفيعَ الْاُمَّةِ ، يا حُجَّةَ اللَّهِ عَلى خَلْقِهِ ، يا سَيِّدَناوَمَوْلانا إِنَّا تَوَجَّهْنا وَاسْتَشْفَعْنا وَتَوَسَّلْنا بِكَ إِلَى اللَّهِ ، وَقَدَّمْناكَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ حاجاتِنا فِي الدُّنْيا وَالْآخِرَةِ ، يا وَجيهاً عِنْدَ اللَّهِ ،إِشْفَعْ لَنا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ .


اَلصَّلاةُ وَالسَّلامُ عَلَيْكَ يا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ، يا أَميرَالْمُؤْمِنينَ ، يا عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبي طالِبٍ ، يا أَخَ الرَّسُولِ ، يا زَوْجَ الْبَتُولِ ، يا أَبَاالسِّبْطَيْنِ ، يا حُجَّةَ اللَّهِ عَلى خَلْقِهِ ، يا سَيِّدَنا يا مَوْلانا ، إِنَّا تَوَجَّهْنا وَاسْتَشْفَعْنا وَتَوَسَّلْنا بِكَ إِلَى اللَّهِ ، وَقَدَّمْناكَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْحاجاتِنا فِي الدُّنْيا وَالْآخِرَةِ ، يا وَجيهاً عِنْدَ اللَّهِ ، إِشْفَعْ لَنا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ .


اَلصَّلاةُ وَالسَّلامُ عَلَيْكِ وَعَلى ذُرِّيَّتِكِ يا فاطِمَةُ الزَّهْراءُ، يا بِنْتَ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، أَيَّتُهَا الْبَتُولُ ، يا قُرَّةَ عَيْنِ الرَّسُولِ ، يابَضْعَةَ النَّبِيِّ ، يا اُمَّ السِّبْطَيْنِ ، يا حُجَّةَ اللَّهِ عَلى خَلْقِهِ ، يا سَيِّدَتَنا وَمَوْلاتَنا ، إِنَّا تَوَجَّهْنا وَاسْتَشْفَعْنا وَتَوَسَّلْنا بِكِ إِلَى اللَّهِ، وَقَدَّمْناكِ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ حاجاتِنا فِي الدُّنْيا وَالْآخِرَةِ ، يا وَجيهَةً عِنْدَ اللَّهِ ، إِشْفَعي لَنا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ .


اَلصَّلاةُ وَالسَّلامُ عَلَيْكَ يا أَبا مُحَمَّدٍ، يا حَسَنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ ، أَيُّهَا الْمُجْتَبى ، يَابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ، يَابْنَ أَميرِالْمُؤْمِنينَ ، يَابْنَ فاطِمَةَالزَّهْراءِ ، يا حُجَّةَ اللَّهِ عَلى خَلْقِهِ ، يا سَيِّدَ شَبابِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ ، يا سَيِّدَنا وَمَوْلانا إِنَّا تَوَجَّهْنا وَاسْتَشْفَعْنا وَتَوَسَّلْنا بِكَ إِلَىاللَّهِ ، وَقَدَّمْناكَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ حاجاتِنا فِي الدُّنْيا وَالْآخِرَةِ ، يا وَجيهاً عِنْدَ اللَّهِ ، إِشْفَعْ لَنا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ .


اَلصَّلاةُ وَالسَّلامُ عَلَيْكَ يا أَباعَبْدِاللَّهِ ، يا حُسَيْنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ ، أَيُّهَا الشَّهيدُ يَابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ، يَابْنَ أَميرِالْمُؤْمِنينَ ، يَابْنَ فاطِمَةَالزَّهْراءِ ، يا سَيِّدَ شَبابِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ ، يا حُجَّةَ اللَّهِ عَلى خَلْقِهِ ، يا سَيِّدَنا وَمَوْلانا إِنَّا تَوَجَّهْنا وَاسْتَشْفَعْنا وَتَوَسَّلْنا بِكَ إِلَىاللَّهِ ، وَقَدَّمْناكَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ حاجاتِنا فِي الدُّنْيا وَالْآخِرَةِ ، يا وَجيهاً عِنْدَ اللَّهِ ، إِشْفَعْ لَنا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ .


اَلصَّلاةُ وَالسَّلامُ عَلَيْكَ يا أَبا مُحَمَّدٍ ، يا عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْحُسَيْنِ ، يا زَيْنَ الْعابِدينَ ، أَيُّهَا السَّجَّادُ يَابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ، يَابْنَأَميرِالْمُؤْمِنينَ ، يا حُجَّةَ اللَّهِ عَلى خَلْقِهِ ، يا سَيِّدَنا وَمَوْلانا إِنَّا تَوَجَّهْنا وَاسْتَشْفَعْنا وَتَوَسَّلْنا بِكَ إِلَى اللَّهِ ، وَقَدَّمْناكَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْحاجاتِنا فِي الدُّنْيا وَالْآخِرَةِ ، يا وَجيهاً عِنْدَ اللَّهِ ، إِشْفَعْ لَنا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ .


اَلصَّلاةُ وَالسَّلامُ عَلَيْكَ يا أَبا جَعْفَرٍ يا مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ ، أَيُّهَا الْباقِرُ يَابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ، يَابْنَ أَميرِالْمُؤْمِنينَ ، يا حُجَّةَ اللَّهِ عَلىخَلْقِهِ ، يا سَيِّدَنا وَمَوْلانا إِنَّا تَوَجَّهْنا وَاسْتَشْفَعْنا وَتَوَسَّلْنا بِكَ إِلَى اللَّهِ ، وَقَدَّمْناكَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ حاجاتِنا فِي الدُّنْيا وَالْآخِرَةِ ، ياوَجيهاً عِنْدَ اللَّهِ ، إِشْفَعْ لَنا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ .


اَلصَّلاةُ وَالسَّلامُ عَلَيْكَ يا أَبا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، يا جَعْفَرَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ ، أَيُّهَا الصَّادِقُ يَابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ، يَابْنَ أَميرِالْمُؤْمِنينَ ، يا حُجَّةَ اللَّهِعَلى خَلْقِهِ ، يا سَيِّدَنا وَمَوْلانا إِنَّا تَوَجَّهْنا وَاسْتَشْفَعْنا وَتَوَسَّلْنا بِكَ إِلَى اللَّهِ ، وَقَدَّمْناكَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ حاجاتِنا فِي الدُّنْيا وَالْآخِرَةِ، يا وَجيهاً عِنْدَ اللَّهِ ، إِشْفَعْ لَنا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ .


اَلصَّلاةُ وَالسَّلامُ عَلَيْكَ يا أَبا إِبْراهيمَ ، يا مُوسَى بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ ، أَيُّهَا الْكاظِمُ ، وَأَيُّهَا الْعَبْدُ الصَّالِحُ ، يَابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ، يَابْنَأَميرِالْمُؤْمِنينَ ، يا حُجَّةَ اللَّهِ عَلى خَلْقِهِ ، يا سَيِّدَنا وَمَوْلانا إِنَّا تَوَجَّهْنا وَاسْتَشْفَعْنا وَتَوَسَّلْنا بِكَ إِلَى اللَّهِ ، وَقَدَّمْناكَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْحاجاتِنا فِي الدُّنْيا وَالْآخِرَةِ ، يا وَجيهاً عِنْدَ اللَّهِ ، إِشْفَعْ لَنا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ .


اَلصَّلاةُ وَالسَّلامُ عَلَيْكَ يا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ، يا عَلِيَّ بْنَ مُوسَى الرِّضا ، يَابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ، يَابْنَ أَميرِالْمُؤْمِنينَ ، يا حُجَّةَ اللَّهِ عَلىخَلْقِهِ ، يا سَيِّدَنا وَمَوْلانا إِنَّا تَوَجَّهْنا وَاسْتَشْفَعْنا وَتَوَسَّلْنا بِكَ إِلَى اللَّهِ ، وَقَدَّمْناكَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ حاجاتِنا فِي الدُّنْيا وَالْآخِرَةِ ، ياوَجيهاً عِنْدَ اللَّهِ ، إِشْفَعْ لَنا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ .


اَلصَّلاةُ وَالسَّلامُ عَلَيْكَ يا أَبا جَعْفَرٍ ، يا مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ ، أَيُّهَا التَّقِيُّ الْجَوادُ ، يَابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ، يَابْنَ أَميرِالْمُؤْمِنينَ ، يا حُجَّةَاللَّهِ عَلى خَلْقِهِ ، يا سَيِّدَنا وَمَوْلانا إِنَّا تَوَجَّهْنا وَاسْتَشْفَعْنا وَتَوَسَّلْنا بِكَ إِلَى اللَّهِ ، وَقَدَّمْناكَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ حاجاتِنا فِي الدُّنْياوَالْآخِرَةِ ، يا وَجيهاً عِنْدَ اللَّهِ ، إِشْفَعْ لَنا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ .


اَلصَّلاةُ وَالسَّلامُ عَلَيْكُما يا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ وَيا أَبا مُحَمَّدٍ ، وَيا عَلِيَّ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَيا حَسَنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ ، أَيُّهَا النَّقِيُّ الْهادي وأَيُّهَاالزَّكِيُّ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ ، يَابْنَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ، يَابْنَيْ أَميرِالْمُؤْمِنينَ ، يا حُجَّتَيِ اللَّهِ عَلَى الْخَلْقِ أَجْمَعينَ ، يا سَيِّدَيْنا وَمَوْلَيَيْنا إِنَّاتَوَجَّهْنا وَاسْتَشْفَعْنا وَتَوَسَّلْنا بِكُما إِلَى اللَّهِ ، وَقَدَّمْناكُما بَيْنَ يَدَيْ حاجاتِنا فِي الدُّنْيا وَالْآخِرَةِ ، يا وَجيهَيْنِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ ، إِشْفَعالَنا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ .


اَلصَّلاةُ وَالسَّلامُ عَلَيْكَ يا وَصِيَّ الْحَسَنِ ، وَالْخَلَفَ الصَّالِحَ ، يا إِمامَ زَمانِنا ، اَلْقائِمَ الْمُنْتَظَرَ الْمَهْدِيَّ.

  يا سَيِّدَنا وَمَوْلانا إِنَّا تَوَجَّهْنا وَاسْتَشْفَعْنا وَتَوَسَّلْنا بِكَ إِلَى اللَّهِ ، وَقَدَّمْناكَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ حاجاتِنا فِي الدُّنْيا وَالْآخِرَةِ ، يا وَجيهاًعِنْدَ اللَّهِ ، إِشْفَعْ لَنا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَزَّوَجَلَّ .


  • Compare this with Dua al-Tawassul in Majlisi’s report (2). You will observe that this is exactly the text of Dua al-Tawassul, with very little variations. The only difference is Ibn Tawus’ text is part of a longer dua. 


  • Al-Kaf’ami (d. 905 AH / 1499 CE)


Al-Kaf’ami in Al-Balad al-Ameen, page 325 (3) mentions the same text of Dua al-Tawassul. Except it is under the title of “Dua al-Faraj”, which he says was recommended by Imam al-Ridha. And when essentially the same text اناتوجهنا واستشفعنا بك الى الله starts repeating for the Imams, he becomes concise. And says for example “يا جعفر بنمحمد الى آخره” (O Jafar ibn Muhammad, same ending text as previous.”


اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَتَوَجَّهُ إِلَيْكَ بِنَبِيِّكَ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ يَا أَبَا الْقَاسِمِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ يَا إِمَامَ الرَّحْمَةِ إِنَّا تَوَجَّهْنَا بِكَ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَتَوَسَّلْنَا بِكَ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَ اسْتَشْفَعْنَا بِكَ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَ قَدَّمْنَاكَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ حَاجَاتِنَا يَا وَجِيهاً عِنْدَ اللَّهِ اشْفَعْ لَنَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِيَا عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَا حُجَّةَ اللَّهِ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ يَا سَيِّدَنَا وَ مَوْلَانَا إِنَّا تَوَجَّهْنَا بِكَ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَ تَوَسَّلْنَا بِكَ إِلَىاللَّهِ وَ اسْتَشْفَعْنَا بِكَ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَ قَدَّمْنَاكَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ حَاجَاتِنَا يَا وَجِيهاً عِنْدَ اللَّهِ اشْفَعْ لَنَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ يَا فَاطِمَةُ الزَّهْرَاءُ يَا بِنْتَ رَسُولِاللَّهِ يَا سَيِّدَتَنَا وَ مَوْلَاتَنَا إِنَّا تَوَجَّهْنَا بِكِ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَ تَوَسَّلْنَا بِكِ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَ اسْتَشْفَعْنَا بِكِ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَ قَدَّمْنَاكِ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ حَاجَاتِنَايَا وَجِيهَةً عِنْدَ اللَّهِ اشْفَعِي لَنَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ يَا حَسَنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ يَا حُجَّةَ اللَّهِ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ يَا سَيِّدَنَا وَمَوْلَانَا إِنَّا تَوَجَّهْنَا بِكَ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَ تَوَسَّلْنَا بِكَ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَ اسْتَشْفَعْنَا بِكَ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَ قَدَّمْنَاكَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ حَاجَاتِنَا يَا وَجِيهاً عِنْدَ اللَّهِاشْفَعْ لَنَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَا حُسَيْنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ إِلَى آخِرِهِ كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ فِي الْحَسَنِ ع يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ يَا عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْحُسَيْنِ إِلَىآخِرِهِ يَا أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ يَا مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ إِلَى آخِرِهِ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَا جَعْفَرَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ إِلَى آخِرِهِ يَا أَبَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ يَا مُوسَى بْنَ جَعْفَرٍإِلَى آخِرِهِ يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ يَا عَلِيَّ بْنَ مُوسَى إِلَى آخِرِهِ يَا أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ يَا مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ إِلَى آخِرِهِ يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ يَا عَلِيَّ بْنَمُحَمَّدٍ إِلَى آخِرِهِ يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ يَا حَسَنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ إِلَى آخِرِهِ يَا وَصِيَّ الْحَسَنِ وَ الْخَلَفَ الصَّالِحَ إِلَى آخِرِهِ


  • Where is the isnad? 


A principle of leniency with regards to mustahab acts is applied by most Shi’i scholars. It is known as al-Tasamuh fi Adilat al-Sunnan التسامح في ادلة السنن


The following hadith in Wasa’il al-Shi’a clarifies this idea: 


3 - أحمد بن أبي عبد الله البرقي في (المحاسن): عن علي بن الحكم، عن هشام بن سالم، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلامقالمن بلغه عنالنبي (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلمشئ من الثواب فعمله كان أجر ذلك له، وإن كان رسول الله (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلملم يقله.


Abi Abdilah [al-Sadiq] said: ‘Whomever is informed of a narration of the Prophet regarding an deed incurring thawab [i.e, reward from Allah]. And he performs that deed, Allah will give him the same thawab as he the person was informed. 


Even if Rasul Allah did not say it [i.e, even if the narration is not authentically attributed to Rasul Allah].”


Hence, Shi’a scholars often removed isnads of dua books because the validity of narration is not necessary to receive thawab. Particularly, since the audience reading these books - isnad would not be particularly relevant to them. As they read these duas for mere spiritual benefit, not ahkam in religion. What would the harm be if they still receive the reward, even if the Prophet or infallible did not say it?


  • Conclusion


The author of the article critiquing Dua al-Tawassul did not derive his methodology from sources when claiming this dua first appeared with Allama Majlisi. Nor when he infers he fabricated it.


Nor do his claims that the content contradicts Quran and sunnah hold any weight, as I will explain in my next post bi’thin Allah. 


May Allah bless you all

Wasalaam


Reference: 

(1) https://almonji.com/ar/node/6984?param=book/show/2861

(2) https://ar.wikishia.net/view/نص:دعاء_التوسل

(3) http://ar.lib.eshia.ir/71752/1/325